Informations générales
Informations techniques
The Cultural Policy Act has been the basis of the Dutch government’s involvement in culture since 1993. The diversity of cultural expressions is firmly entrenched in the Act, which states that the Minister is responsible for preserving and developing cultural expressions and disseminating them across social and geographical boundaries or otherwise propagating them. One of the aims of the Dutch Media Act 2008 is to provide a varied range of radio and TV channels, which everyone can receive.
Minister Ingrid van Engelshoven (Minister of Education, Culture and Science 2017-2021) described her priorities in a policy memorandum to the parliament in March 2018, “Cultuur in een open samenleving” (“Culture in an open society”, https://www.culturalpolicies.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/189.057-Cultuurbrief-Open-Samenleving-ENG_03-1.pdf):
Cultuur is van en voor iedereen. Ongeacht de plek waar je woont, uit welk gezin je komt of welke culturele achtergrond je hebt, ongeacht leeftijd, geslacht, beperking of opleiding. Dat lijkt vanzelfsprekend, maar is het niet. Onze samenleving wordt de komende jaren steeds diverser, onder meer in de culturele achtergrond van haar bewoners, en dus ook van haar makers, cultuurbeoefenaars en –liefhebbers. Nieuwe generaties hebben een voorkeur voor andere genres en verhalen (…) Een aantal van de maatregelen van dit kabinet is er dan ook op gericht om de diversiteit in het culturele veld te stimuleren. Door aandacht voor andere kunstvormen en nieuwe generaties wil het kabinet ook die groepen bereiken die zich misschien minder aangesproken voelen door de verhalen die nu in schouwburgen, concertzalen en musea verteld worden.
Culture is by and for everyone. Regardless of where you live, who your family are or what your own cultural background is. Regardless of age, sex, disability or education. That may seem obvious, but it is not. Our society will become more diverse in the coming years, in terms of the cultural background of its members as well as other factors, and hence also more diverse in who produces, practices and enjoys culture. New generations have a preference for novel genres and stories (…) The government is determined to act on this commitment. It has already announced a number of policy measures intended to encourage diversity in the cultural domain. By extending its focus to include “alternative” forms of art and new generations, the government particularly hopes to reach groups that may not currently engage with the stories being told in “traditional” theatres, concert halls and museums.
This report highlights the main policies and measures that reflect both the priorities of minister Van Engelshoven and those of the 2005 Convention. The overall goal and challenge is: “ruimte bieden aan een diversiteit van verhalen en kunstuitingen en aan een nieuwe generatie makers, zodat het cultuurbeleid bij de tijd blijft en het aanbod aantrekkelijk blijft voor de gehele bevolking.” (“make space for a wide range of stories and kinds of artistic expression, and a new generation of creators, so that our cultural policy remains in step with the times and its offerings continue to appeal to the entire population.”)
Policies on intangible heritage are not within the scope of this report. They will be part of the report on the UNESCO convention on intangible heritage, that will follow later this year. Regarding immovable cultural heritage, as far as related to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, reporting will take place through that periodic reporting cycle. The Compendium on Cultural Policies and Trends (https://www.culturalpolicies.net/covid-19/country-reports/nl/) is referred to for answers on general questions, such as the responsibility of different layers of government and funding schemes.
Objectif 1 - Soutenir des systèmes de gouvernance durable de la culture
Secteurs culturels et créatifs
| Total average q1-q3 2020 |
| Average percentage q1-q3 2020 | ||||
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| Jobs | Labor in FTE |
| Jobs | Labor in FTE |
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Total national employment |
| 8 462 333 | 6 405 667 | 109 133 | 100,0% | 100,0% | 100,0% |
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Total of employment in creative and cultural sectors |
| 146 647 | 114 577 | 4 040 | 1,7% | 1,8% | 3,7% |
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Arts |
| 46 937 | 32 230 | 1 073 | 0,6% | 0,5% | 1,0% |
Travel information and bureaus |
| 1 667 | 1 257 | 57 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
Cultural education |
| 3 940 | 1 663 | 17 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Stage art performers |
| 3 797 | 2 827 | 117 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
Stage art producers |
| 1 287 | 1 027 | 73 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
Supporting services for executive art |
| 9 530 | 6 783 | 290 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,3% |
Creative arts |
| 1 780 | 1 313 | 37 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Theaters and concert halls |
| 5 490 | 3 767 | 143 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,1% |
Public libraries |
| 6 690 | 4 123 | 40 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,0% |
Centers that lease art |
| 130 | 87 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Other cultural leasing institutes and public archives |
| 2 107 | 1 747 | 27 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Museums |
| 7 970 | 5 873 | 230 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,2% |
Art galleries and exposition spaces |
| 537 | 317 | 15 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Monument care |
| 1 047 | 773 | 20 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Culture network |
| 983 | 670 | 27 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
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Media & Entertainment |
| 50 253 | 41 263 | 1 097 | 0,6% | 0,6% | 1,0% |
Bookstores |
| 2 027 | 1 147 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Audio and video recording stores |
| 183 | 100 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Book publishers |
| 4 893 | 4 140 | 110 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,1% |
Databanks |
| 2 020 | 1 887 | 40 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Newspaper publishers |
| 8 623 | 7 343 | 143 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,1% |
Magazine publishers |
| 6 090 | 5 317 | 200 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,2% |
Other publishers (not software) |
| 677 | 523 | 10 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Computer game publishers |
| 80 | 73 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Other software publishers |
| 530 | 467 | 13 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Film production (not made-for-tv films) |
| 3 820 | 3 310 | 227 | 0,0% | 0,1% | 0,2% |
Production of television programs |
| 2 237 | 2 030 | 77 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
Facilitating services for film and TV production |
| 1 540 | 1 373 | 23 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Distribution of film and TV production |
| 1 007 | 933 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Cinemas |
| 4 557 | 2 280 | 25 | 0,1% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Making and distributing sound recording |
| 1 203 | 1 040 | 40 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Radio broadcasting |
| 2 630 | 2 323 | 73 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
TV broadcasting |
| 5 007 | 4 483 | 63 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,1% |
Press agencies |
| 160 | 130 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
Other information services |
| 923 | 820 | 10 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Photography |
| 1 837 | 1 387 | 27 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% |
Circus and variety |
| 230 | 153 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,0% | |
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Creative business services |
| 49 457 | 41 087 | 1 873 | 0,6% | 0,6% | 1,7% |
Public relations agencies |
| 2 857 | 2 303 | 107 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
Architectural agencies |
| 10 077 | 8 663 | 553 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,5% |
Advertising agencies |
| 25 683 | 21 270 | 770 | 0,3% | 0,3% | 0,7% |
Industrial design |
| 7 280 | 5 963 | 300 | 0,1% | 0,1% | 0,3% |
Organizing congresses |
| 3 573 | 2 890 | 143 | 0,0% | 0,0% | 0,1% |
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Budget (x $1000) |
| Percentage of national budget |
Culture | $1.626.012 | 1,6% |
Media | $2.330.981 | 2,2% |
Total culture and media | $3.956.993 | 3,8% |
Total national budget Ministry of Culture, Education and Science (OCW) | $103.847.087 |
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The roles of various tiers of government in the funding of culture
Corona and support
Cultuureducatie met Kwaliteit (Cultural Education with Quality, CmK) including “Meer Muziek in de Klas” (More Music in the Classroom)
Improving accessibility of the performing arts for disabled persons
Cultuurkaart (Culture Card) and MBO Kaart (Secondary Vocational Education Card)
Samen Cultuurmaken (Making Culture Together)
Faro Programme
History of slavery
Professional development and entrepreneurship in the cultural and creative sector
Tel mee met Taal (Count on Skills)
Diversité des médias
Mediawet 2008 (Dutch Media Act)
Impulse to regional film education hubs and reinforcement of the Landelijk Netwerk Filmeducatie (National Network Film Education)
Environnement numérique
Digital transformation
National Strategy for Digital Heritage
Programmes supporting digital creativity and competencies: Digital Culture Grant Scheme, Immerse\Interact, Digital Heritage x Public and Literature on the Screen
Promotion of digital creativity and competencies of artists and other cultural professionals working with new technologies by Het Nieuwe Instituut
Promotion of digital creativity and competencies of artists and other cultural professionals working with new technologies by MU Art Foundation
Partenariat avec la société civile
Code Diversiteit & Inclusie in de culturele sector (Diversity & Inclusion Code in the cultural sector)
Art and Culture in Long-term Care and Support
De Canon van Nederland (The Canon of Dutch History)
Arbeidsmarktagenda culturele en creatieve sector 2017-2023 (Labour market agenda of the cultural and creative sector)
Programma Permanente Professionele Ontwikkeling (Programme for Permanent Professional Development, PPO-programme)
Objectif 2 - Parvenir à un échange équilibré de biens et services culturels et accroïtre la mobilité des artistes et des professionnels de la culture
Mobilité des artistes et des professionnels de la culture
Cultural residencies
Foreign visitors programmes
Mobility Info Point
Programma Gedeeld Cultureel Erfgoed (Shared Cultural Heritage Programme)
Échange des biens et services culturels
Return of objects from a colonial context
Traités et accords
International Cultural Policy
Objectif 3 - Inclure la culture dans les cadres de développement durable
Politiques et plans nationaux de développement durable
Cultural participation as a visitor | 2015 |
Sector |
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Cinema | 59% |
Live performances | 61% |
Cultural sites | 61% |
Sex |
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Male | 84% |
Female | 83% |
Age |
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16-29 years | 95% |
65-74 years | 77% |
≥16 years | 84% |
Education |
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Lower secondary education or less (ISCED 0-2) | 66% |
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED 3-4) | 85% |
Tertiary education (ISCED 5-8) | 95% |
Location |
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Cities | 84% |
Towns and suburbs | 83% |
Rural areas | 83% |
Income |
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First quintile | 71% |
Second quintile | 74% |
Third quintile | 86% |
Fourth quintile | 91% |
Fifth quintile | 95% |
Descent |
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Native-born | 85% |
EU-born (except reporting Member State) | 77% |
Born outside the EU | 69% |
Cultural participation as practitioners: Index 2012-2016 | Culture | Art | Heritage |
Male | 99 | 92 | 120 |
Female | 101 | 108 | 81 |
6-11 years | 125 | 138 | 107 |
12-19 years | 110 | 116 | 113 |
20-34 years | 95 | 92 | 94 |
35-49 years | 95 | 92 | 94 |
50-64 years | 93 | 90 | 94 |
≥ 65 years | 89 | 83 | 94 |
Lower education | 72 | 67 | 67 |
Highschool education | 97 | 94 | 97 |
Highier education | 118 | 119 | 125 |
Urban | 103 | 103 | 108 |
Rural | 97 | 97 | 92 |
Western | 101 | 101 | 100 |
Non-western | 95 | 93 | 98 |
Accessibility of historic sites
Improving sustainability of valuable buildings
Education/training and traditional crafts
Coopération internationale pour le développement durable
Cultural Emergency Response (CER)
Objectif 4 - Promouvoir les droits de l’homme et les libertés fondamentales
Égalité des genres
Women hold 40% of board positions in cultural institutions and make up 46% of the people on advisory commissions in the sector.
Key management positions within institutions (2002) | Male | Female | % Females |
Visuals Arts | 85 | 64 | 43% |
Performing arts | 314 | 160 | 34% |
Cultural heritage | 130 | 54 | 29% |
Music | 80 | 33 | 29% |
Media | 140 | 33 | 19% |
Total | 749 | 344 | 31% |
Gender & LGBTI Equality Policy Plan 2018-2021
Research on diversity in the cultural sector 2018
Liberté artistique
Freedom of speech
Measures and Initiatives reported by Civil Society Organizations
Musea Bekennen Kleur (Museums Confess Colour)
Theater Inclusief (Inclusive Theatre)
Inventory of Intangible Heritage in the Netherlands
PACT Utrecht
Global Media Monitoring Project 2020
Questions tranversales émergentes
Frisian Language and Culture
Challenges and Achievements
Annexes
Soumission
