CHILE MAINTAINS PARTICIPATION WITH MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS MERCOSUR, MICSUR, IBEROAMERICAN CULTURAL SPACE, IBEROAMERICAN GENERAL SECRETARIAT, PACIFIC ALLIANCE, AMONG OTHERS, WHOSE PARTICULARITIES IN RELATION TO THE CULTURAL ARTISTIC FIELD ARE THE FOLLOWING:
- MERCOSUR: CHILE ACTS AS A STATE ASSOCIATED WITH MERCOSUR. THIS ORGANIZATION HAS A CULTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AS ONE OF THE INITIATIVES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC PROCESSES. THIS INITIATIVE IS MADE UP OF A SYSTEM OF MAPS, ARCHIVES AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES, WHOSE OBJECTIVE IS TO COMBINE INFORMATION RELATED TO THE CULTURAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES, FOR THE GENERATION OF INDICATORS OF THE CULTURAL FIELD.
- MICSUR: INITIATIVE MADE UP OF 10 LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, BOLIVIA, CHILE, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, URUGUAY, PERU, PARAGUAY AND VENEZUELA, WHOSE OBJECTIVE IS TO CONSOLIDATE A PLATFORM FOR THE KNOWLEDGE, DIFFUSION, PROMOTION, CIRCULATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES GENERATED BY SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTREPRENEURS FROM THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES, AS WELL AS STRENGTHENING EXISTING REGIONAL TIES THAT LINK THE CULTURE OF THE ENTIRE REGION.
- OEI: WITHIN THE OEI, WE FIND THE IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL SPACE AS AN INITIATIVE WHOSE OBJECTIVES TEND TO CONSIDER CULTURE AS A TRANSVERSAL AXIS OF DEVELOPMENT, IN ORDER TO PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATION POLICIES, PARTICULARLY IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS OF CULTURE , AS WELL AS PROVIDING A LEGAL ARCHIVE ON CULTURAL RIGHTS; MAKE VISIBLE THE IBERO-AMERICAN COOPERATION ACTIONS IN CULTURAL MATTERS AND FAVOR THE ENHANCEMENT, DISSEMINATION, AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE LEGACY OF CREATIONS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL ASSETS.
- IBERO-AMERICAN GENERAL SECRETARIAT: SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATION OF SUMMITS OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT, WHICH AIMS TO CONSTITUTE A SPACE FOR HEADS OF STATE, IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A PERMANENT DELIBERATIVE SPACE FOR THE REGION, SUPPORTED BY A PAST, AND A CULTURE COMMON.
- PACIFIC ALLIANCE: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATION MADE UP OF MEXICO, COLOMBIA, PERU AND CHILE. THIS ALLIANCE IS AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON TRADE BETWEEN THESE COUNTRIES, SPECIFICALLY THIS PROTOCOL REAFFIRMS THE OBJECTIVE OF ELIMINATING OBSTACLES TO TRADE, IN ORDER TO GENERATE GREATER DYNAMISM IN THE FLOWS OF TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES AND INVESTMENT AMONG MEMBER COUNTRIES.
AT A GENERAL LEVEL, THE FOCUS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN EACH OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- MERCOSUR: DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OF THE CULTURAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES, TO GENERATE INDICATORS OF THE CULTURAL FIELD.
- MICSUR: KNOWLEDGE, DISSEMINATION, PROMOTION, CIRCULATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOODS, AND SERVICES OF SMALL, AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTREPRENEURS IN THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES. STRENGTHEN REGIONAL TIES.
- IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL SPACE: PREPARATION OF STUDIES, AND RESEARCH, AND TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
- IBERO-AMERICAN GENERAL SECRETARIAT: PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES OF THE ARTS, AND CULTURES, OF PUBLIC ACCESS.
- PACIFIC ALLIANCE: INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES, SEEKS TO ELIMINATE OBSTACLES TO TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER COUNTRIES.
A DIFFERENCE CAN BE OBSERVED IN THE FOCUSES OF ACTION OF EACH OF THESE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, IN ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL MATTERS, WHICH IMPLIES DIFFERENTIATED AND COMPLEMENTARY CONTRIBUTIONS. FIRST, MERCOSUR SUPPORTS A DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM THAT SEEKS TO GENERATE INDICATORS IN THE CULTURAL FIELD, WHICH IS WHY IT HAS A RATHER TECHNICAL CHARACTER. SECOND, MICSUR, SEEKS TO PROMOTE THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTREPRENEURS IN CULTURAL INDUSTRIES AND STRENGTHEN REGIONAL TIES, SO ITS FOCUS IS MORE COMMERCIAL. THIRD, THE IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL SPACE HAS ITS FOCUS ON RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN THE CULTURAL ARTISTIC FIELD. FOURTH, SEGIB DEVELOPS PUBLIC ACCESS PROGRAMS IN DIFFERENT ARTISTIC DISCIPLINES. FINALLY, THE PACIFIC ALLIANCE ALSO HAS A COMMERCIAL FOCUS ON CREATIVE INDUSTRIES, SEEKING TO ELIMINATE OBSTACLES BETWEEN MEMBER COUNTRIES, THAT IS WHY IT HAS A STATE CHARACTER.
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ALTHOUGH THERE IS NO FORMAL EVALUATION OF THESE MEASURES, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT, AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL, CHILE'S STATE ACTIONS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION AGREEMENTS OR CONVENTIONS. FOLLOWING THE PRINCIPLES OUTLINED BY UNESCO IN ITS DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION AFTER ITS CREATION IN 1966, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE PURPOSES OF INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION, IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS. IT IS RELEVANT TO NOTE THAT ARTICLE V OF THE DECLARATION DEFINES CULTURAL COOPERATION AS "... A RIGHT AND A DUTY OF ALL PEOPLES AND ALL NATIONS, WHICH MUST SHARE THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE" (UNESCO, 1966, P.87) LIKEWISE, THE DIGNITY AND VALUE OF ALL CULTURES, THE PROMOTION OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY THROUGH THEIR CULTURAL, ARTISTIC AND PATRIMONIAL EXPRESSIONS, THE RIGHT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND TRIBAL COMMUNITIES TO DECIDE ON THE MAIN ISSUES THAT AFFECT THEIR WAYS OF LIFE, ARE ELEMENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, AND CONVENTIONS RATIFIED BY CHILE, WHICH TEND NOT ONLY TO STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES IN CULTURAL MATTERS, BUT ALSO TO MAKE KNOWN THE VARIOUS CULTURES THAT INTERACT WITHIN NATIONAL BORDERS, CONSIDERING THE ASYMMETRIES THAT MAY EXIST BETWEEN THEM (IDENTIFICATION OF A "HIGH CULTURE", UNEQUAL LEGITIMACY OF CULTURAL PRACTICES, ETC.) AND THE PROMOTION OF DIALOGUE FOR A HARMONIOUS COEXISTENCE BETWEEN THEM.
SINCE 1991, OUR COUNTRY HAS SIGNED AND PROMOTED FORMULAS FOR COORDINATION AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION UNDER THE NOTION OF THE IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL SPACE, THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE AGREEMENTS EMANATING FROM THE IBERO-AMERICAN SUMMIT CONFERENCES OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT AND LATER WITH THE SUBSCRIPTION TO THE 2006 IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL CHARTER, WHOSE PURPOSE IS THE CONSOLIDATION OF AN IBERO-AMERICAN SPACE THROUGH THE ENHANCEMENT AND PRESERVATION OF IBERO-AMERICAN CULTURAL WEALTH AND DIVERSITY. THE AREAS IN WHICH THERE ARE MORE TOOLS FOR COOPERATION AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION ARE ESPECIALLY COPYRIGHT, HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRIES. THUS, PROGRAMS SUCH AS IBERARCHIVO (1999), IBERBIBLIOTECAS (2000) IBERMEDIA (2006); IBERESCENA (2006), IBERMUSEOS (2007), IBERMUSICAS (2011), IBERRUTAS (2012), IBERARTESANIA (2013), IBERORQUESTA (2014), IBERCULTURAVIVA (2014), HAVE STIMULATED THE STRENGTHENING OF IBERO-AMERICAN IDENTITIES THROUGH JOINT ACTIONS THAT TEND TO THE DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSOLIDATION OF CAPACITIES IN THE CULTURAL FIELD. ALONG WITH THIS, THE CONVENTIONS OR AGREEMENTS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE STATES IN RECENT DECADES HAVE CONSIDERED THE CULTURAL ISSUE AMONG THEIR BINDING LEGAL COMMITMENTS. LIKEWISE, THE INCORPORATION OF THE COUNTRY TO THE ORGANIZATION FOR COOPERATION, AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) IMPOSES NEW STANDARDS ON US IN PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, WHERE FOR CHILE THE CULTURAL SECTOR HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE.